1. Serpent Column
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Originally erected in Delphi around 479 BC to commemorate the Greek victory over the Persians at the Battle of Plataea.
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Made of bronze, it features three intertwined serpent bodies.
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It was transported to Constantinople in 324 AD by Emperor Constantine.
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Originally had three serpent heads, now lost. One head fragment is displayed in the Istanbul Archaeology Museum.
2. Obelisk of Theodosius
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Carved in Egypt during the reign of Pharaoh Thutmose III in the 15th century BC.
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Brought to Constantinople in 390 AD by Emperor Theodosius I.
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Made of pink granite, now stands around 19–25 meters tall.
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Its marble base features reliefs depicting Theodosius and scenes of chariot racing.
3. Walled Obelisk (Constantine Obelisk)
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The exact date of its construction is unknown, but it was restored in the 10th century by Emperor Constantine VII.
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It was originally covered in gilded bronze plates, which were stolen during the Fourth Crusade in 1204.
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Today, only the stone core remains, standing about 32 meters high.